解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::When no supply of environmental nutrients is available, cells induce autophagy, thereby generating a source of emergency metabolic substrates and energy to maintain the basal cellular activity needed for survival. This autophagy response to starvation has been well characterized in various multicellular organisms, inc...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.4.8171
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a degradation pathway for the turnover of dysfunctional organelles or aggregated proteins in cells. Extracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide has been reported to be a major cause of Alzheimer disease (AD) and large numbers of autophagic vacuoles accumulate in the brain of AD patient. However, ho...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.4.8096
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation pathway for intracellular macromolecules and organelles. Among those characterized autophagy regulators, the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8 is found to be a membrane modifier that both regulates biogenesis of transport vesicles and interacts with the cargo receptor Atg19 for se...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.4.7696
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study summarizes our most recent findings on the mechanisms underlying the cadmium-induced death of mesangial cells, which leads to nephrotoxicity. Multiple pathways participate in cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity. In the ROS-GSK-3beta autophagy pathway, cadmium induces ROS most likely from the mitochondria, and th...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.4.8311
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The understanding of the membrane flow process during autophagosome formation is essential to illuminate the role of autophagy under various disease-causing conditions. Atg9 is the only identified integral membrane protein required for autophagosome formation, and it is thought to cycle between the membrane sources an...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.3.7699
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alterations in contractile activity influence the intracellular homeostasis of muscle, which results in adaptations in the performance and the phenotype of this tissue. Denervation is an effective disuse model that functions to change the intracellular environment of muscle leading to a rapid loss in mass, a decrease ...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.2.7391
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy has recently been implicated in the host defense against the intracellular protozoan pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii, a major opportunistic pathogen of the central nervous system in immunosuppressed individuals. In both IFN gamma-activated macrophages and astrocytes, the p47 GTPases traffic to the T. gondii para...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.2.7637
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The flank organ of the Syrian hamster, which shows a biodynamic response to androgen stimulation, is considered a good model for studying the androgen effect on sebaceous gland and hair. This organ is susceptible to programmed cell death (PCD), a prominent feature associated with sexual organ adjustment. We have recen...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.2.7619
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy research continues to expand exponentially. Clearly autophagy and metabolism are intimately connected; however, the rapid expansion of research into this topic inevitably brings the risk that important basic knowledge of metabolism will be overlooked when considering experimental data. Unfortunately, unaware...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.1.7207
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The yeast serine threonine kinase Atg1 appears to be a key regulator of autophagy and its kinase activity is crucial for autophagy induction. Recent reports have indicated that a mammalian Atg1 homolog, UNC-51-like kinase (ULK) 1, is required for autophagy. We found that ULK1 localizes to the autophagic isolation memb...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.1.7180
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of autophagy, a catabolic lysosome-dependent pathway, has recently been recognized in a variety of disorders, including Pompe disease, which results from a deficiency of the glycogen-degrading lysosomal hydrolase acid-alpha glucosidase (GAA). Skeletal and cardiac muscle are most severely affected by the progr...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.1.7293
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nanotechnology is the control and manipulation of materials in the size range of 1-100 nm. Due to increasing research into the potential beneficial applications of nanotechnology, there is an urgent need for the study of possible health risks. Several researchers, including those in our laboratory, have demonstrated e...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.7142
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::LC3 is a widely used marker of autophagosomes in mammalian cells. However, in addition to its autophagosomal localization, GFP-LC3 is often found associated with protein aggregates that are formed in an autophagy-independent manner. In addition, LC3 directly interacts with p62/SQSTM1 (hereafter named p62), a common co...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6823
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::While autophagy is believed to be beneficial for life-span extension, it is controversial which forms or aspects of autophagy are responsible for this effect. We addressed this topic by analyzing the life span of yeast autophagy mutants under caloric restriction, a longevity manipulation. Surprisingly, we discovered t...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6556
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a catabolic process employed by eukaryotes to degrade and recycle intracellular components. When this pathway is induced by starvation conditions, part of the cytoplasm and organelles are sequestered into double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, and delivered into the lysosome/vacuole for degradati...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6657
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation and conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies are ineffective in treating renal cancer. Approximately 75 percent of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with an inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene von Hippel-Lindau (VHL). We exploited the possibility of targeting VHL-deficient RCC through synthetic let...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6785
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atg18p and Atg21p are two highly homologous yeast autophagy proteins. Atg18p functions in both autophagy and the selective Cvt-pathway, while the function of Atg21p is restricted to the Cvt-pathway. The yeast genome encodes with Ygr223cp (Hsv2p), a third member of this protein family. So far no function has been assig...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6801
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many recent studies indicate that dysregulation of autophagy is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. The HIV-1-associated neurological disorder is an acquired cognitive and motor disease that includes a severe neurodegenerative dementia. We find that the neurodegeneration seen in the brain in HIV-1 inf...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6805
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a tropical infection of humans and other animals. The bacterium is an intracellular pathogen that can escape from endosomes into the host cytoplasm, where it replicates and infects adjacent cells. We investigated the role played by autophagy in the intra...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6246
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major side effect of the powerful immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (CsA) is the development of a chronic nephrotoxicity whose mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent data suggest that tubular cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic nephropathies. We have shown that CsA is responsible for endo...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6477
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a lysosome-directed membrane trafficking event for the degradation of cytoplasmic components, including organelles. The past few years have seen a great advance in our understanding of the cellular machinery of autophagosome biogenesis, the hallmark of autophagy. However, our global understanding of autop...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6496
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons are highly polarized cells composed of two distinct domains, the axon and the somatodendritic domain. Although AMPA-type glutamate receptors, which mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the vertebrate CNS, are preferentially expressed in the somatodendritic domain, the molecular mechanisms underlying su...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6493
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy removes long-lived proteins and damaged organelles and is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis. It can also serve in innate immunity to remove intracellular pathogens. As such, viruses have evolved different mechanisms to subvert this innate immune response. We have recently demonstrated that hepat...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6566
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have reported in a variety of mammalian cells the reversible formation of a filamentous actin (F-actin)-enriched aggresome generated by the actin toxin jasplakinolide (Lázaro-Diéguez et al., J Cell Sci 2008; 121:1415-25). Notably, this F-actin aggresome (FAG) resembles in many aspects the pathological Hirano body, ...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6345
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Significant progress has been made over recent years in defining the normal progression and regulation of autophagy, particularly in cultured mammalian cells and yeast model systems. However, apart from a few notable exceptions, our understanding of the physiological roles of autophagy has lagged behind these advances...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/auto.5782
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis (programmed cell death type I) and autophagy (type II) are crucial mechanisms regulating cell death and homeostasis. The Bcl-2 proto-oncogene is overexpressed in 50-70% of breast cancers, potentially leading to resistance to chemotherapy, radiation and hormone therapy-induced apoptosis. Here, we investigated...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6083
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most autophagy-related (Atg) proteins are assembled at the phagophore assembly site or pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS), which is a potential site for vesicle formation during vegetative or starvation conditions. To understand the initial step of vesicle formation, it is important to know how Atg proteins are recrui...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6375
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the major side effects of cisplatin chemotherapy is toxic acute kidney injury due to preferential accumulation of cisplatin in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells and the subsequent injury to these cells. Apoptosis is known as a major mechanism of cisplatin-induced cell death in renal tubular cells. We have ...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/auto.6309
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapamycin is an inhibitor of mTOR, a key component of the mTORC1 complex that controls the growth and survival of cells in response to growth factors, nutrients, energy balance and stresses. The downstream targets of mTORC1 include ribosome biogenesis, transcription, translation and macroautophagy. Recently it was pro...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6059
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a series of studies into the fate of endothelial cells exposed to non-enzymatically glycated collagen I, a model of cytotoxic molecules relevant to diabetic vasculopathy, we demonstrate that cells either undergo apoptosis or become prematurely senescent despite relatively spared telomeres and telomerase activity. O...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5904
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two structurally related, major lysosomal membrane proteins LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 were for a long time regarded as crucial for the protection of the lysosomal membrane from the hostile lumenal environment. However, recent studies on the effects of single and combined LAMP-deficiency in mice reveal alternative function...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5724
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is involved in cellular clearance of aggregate-prone proteins, thereby having a cytoprotective function. Studies in yeast have shown that the PI 3-kinase Vps34 and its regulatory protein kinase Vps15 are important for autophagy, but the possible involvement of these proteins in autophagy in a multicellular a...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5829
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The RNA replication complexes of small positive-strand RNA viruses such as poliovirus are known to form on the surfaces of membranous vesicles in the cytoplasm of infected mammalian cells. These membranes resemble cellular autophagosomes in their double-membraned morphology, cytoplasmic lumen, lipid-rich composition a...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/auto.5377
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The critical role of the cellular autophagy pathway in viral infection and pathogenesis has become increasingly apparent. Mounting evidences suggest that viruses have developed different strategies to meticulously modulate intracellular autophagy for their own benefits, thereby either promoting efficient viral replica...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/auto.5210
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is involved with the turnover of intracellular components and the management of stress responses. Genetic studies in mice have shown that suppression of neuronal autophagy can lead to the accumulation of protein aggregates and neurodegeneration. However, no study has shown that increasing autophagic gene exp...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5269
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cargo-based assays have proven invaluable in the study of macroautophagy in yeast and mammalian cells. Proteomic analysis of autolysosomes identified the metabolic enzyme, betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), as a potential cargo-based, end-point marker for mammalian macroautophagy. To test whether degradati...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5275
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on a functional categorization, proteins may be grouped into three types and sorted to either the proteasome or the macroautophagy pathway for degradation. The two pathways are mechanistically connected but their capacity seems different. Macroautophagy can degrade all forms of misfolded proteins whereas proteas...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/auto.5190
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An increasing body of data links endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function to autophagy. Not surprisingly, then, some aberrant proteins in the ER can be destroyed either via ER associated degradation (ERAD), which is proteasome-mediated, or via autophagy. One such substrate is the "Z" variant of the alpha-1 protease inhibit...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.4906
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a conserved membrane trafficking pathway that mediates the delivery of cytoplasmic substrates to the lysosome for degradation. Impaired autophagic function is implicated in the pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases. We have generated transgenic C. elegans that express human beta-amyloid peptide ...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.4776
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) is now widely used to monitor autophagy. One approach is to detect LC3 conversion (LC3-I to LC3-II) by immunoblot analysis because the amount of LC3-II is clearly correlated with the number of autophagosomes. However, LC3-II itself is degraded by autophagy, making int...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/auto.4600
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00